जीन-एडिटिंग क्रांति का मानचित्र
CRISPR Atlas
आनुवंशिक चिकित्सा के भविष्य को आकार देने वाली तकनीकों, उपचारों, बीमारियों, वैज्ञानिकों, कंपनियों, clinical trials और खोजों को जानें।
Start where you actually are
This site is written for very different readers at once. Each door below leads into the same database from a different angle — nothing is dumbed down, and nothing assumes a biology degree.
New to all of thisStart with what DNA is and build up. No background needed.
A patient or familyWhat is approved, what is only in trials, and how to tell the difference.
Following the industryWho is developing what, at which stage. Information, never advice.
Here for food and farmingGene-edited crops and livestock, and why the rules differ by country.
gene editing को जानें
सात तरीके जिनसे वैज्ञानिक आनुवंशिक सामग्री बदलते हैं। हर पृष्ठ सरल भाषा में शुरू होता है, फिर जितनी गहराई में जाना चाहें जा सकते हैं।
CRISPR-Cas9A protein that can be programmed with a short RNA guide to find one specific sequence in a genome and cut it.
Base EditingChemically converts one DNA letter into another at a chosen position, without cutting both strands of the double helix.
Prime EditingWrites a new stretch of DNA sequence directly into a chosen site, using a guide that carries the replacement text with it.
CRISPR-Cas12A family of CRISPR nucleases that cut DNA leaving staggered ends, use a different sequence requirement from Cas9, and can be smaller.
CRISPR-Cas13Targets RNA rather than DNA, so it can silence a gene's message without touching the genome itself.
Cas14 and miniature Cas systemsUnusually small CRISPR nucleases — roughly a third the size of Cas9 — discovered in archaea and bacteriophages.
RNA EditingChanges letters in the RNA message rather than in the DNA, so the effect is real but temporary and the genome is untouched.
इन्हें आमने-सामने रखकर तुलना करेंसटीकता, कटिंग, कार्गो साइज़, डिलीवरी, परिपक्वता, जोखिम
लक्षित किए जा रहे रोग
प्रत्येक रोग पृष्ठ स्पष्ट रूप से बताता है कि gene editing एक स्वीकृत उपचार है, ट्रायल्स में है, या अभी केवल एक प्रयोगशाला विचार है।
Sickle Cell DiseaseBlood disorders
Beta ThalassemiaBlood disorders
ATTR AmyloidosisMetabolic disease
Hereditary AngioedemaRare genetic disease
High Cholesterol and Familial HypercholesterolemiaCardiovascular disease
CancerCancer
Leukemia and LymphomaCancer
HIVInfectious disease
Duchenne Muscular DystrophyMuscular disease
Cystic FibrosisRare genetic disease
उपचार
नामित दवाएँ, जिनकी नियामक स्थिति हर रिकॉर्ड पर दर्ज है।
Atlas में स्वीकृत जीन-एडिटिंग दवाएँ: Casgevy (exagamglogene autotemcel) · Lyfgenia (lovotibeglogene autotemcel) · Zynteglo (betibeglogene autotemcel)
क्लिनिकल ट्रायल्स
जहाँ साक्ष्य वास्तव में तैयार होते हैं।
जानने योग्य कंपनियाँ
कौन क्या बना रहा है, और हर कार्यक्रम कितनी दूर तक पहुँचा है।
CRSP · Zug, Switzerland
CRISPR Therapeutics
Co-founded by Emmanuelle Charpentier, and the company behind the first approved CRISPR…
NTLA · Cambridge, Massachusetts
Intellia Therapeutics
Co-founded by Jennifer Doudna, and the company that first delivered CRISPR into a human…
BEAM · Cambridge, Massachusetts
Beam Therapeutics
Founded by David Liu and colleagues to commercialise base editing — precision changes to…
EDIT · Cambridge, Massachusetts
Editas Medicine
One of the first CRISPR companies, which discontinued its cell-therapy and eye programmes…
PRME · Cambridge, Massachusetts
Prime Medicine
Founded to commercialise prime editing, and the company behind the first published…
निजी · Boston, Massachusetts
Verve Therapeutics
Built to turn heart disease into a one-time treatment, and acquired by Eli Lilly in 2025…
CRBU · Berkeley, California
Caribou Biosciences
Co-founded by Jennifer Doudna, using hybrid RNA-DNA guides intended to make editing…
SANA · Seattle, Washington
Sana Biotechnology
Engineering transplanted cells to be invisible to the immune system, so they can be given…
वैज्ञानिक जिन्होंने इस क्षेत्र को बदल दिया
वास्तव में किसने क्या योगदान दिया — इस क्षेत्र में श्रेय विवादित है, और हम बताते हैं कि कहाँ।
Jennifer DoudnaStructural biochemist who, with Emmanuelle Charpentier, showed that Cas9 could be programmed with a single guide RNA to cut chosen DNA — and shared the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for it.
Emmanuelle CharpentierMicrobiologist who discovered tracrRNA, the missing component of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, and shared the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Jennifer Doudna.
Feng ZhangBioengineer who led one of the first demonstrations of CRISPR genome editing in human cells and discovered several new CRISPR systems including Cas12a and Cas13.
David LiuChemical biologist whose laboratory invented base editing and prime editing — the two techniques that changed gene editing from cutting to writing.
George ChurchGeneticist whose laboratory independently demonstrated CRISPR editing in human cells in 2013, and a founder of an unusually large number of genomics companies.
Virginijus ŠikšnysLithuanian biochemist who independently showed that Cas9 could be programmed to cut DNA, publishing in 2012 — and whose contribution is often omitted from popular accounts.
Gene editing की ताज़ा खबरें
नामी प्रकाशकों के असली लेख। हर शीर्षक मूल स्रोत से जुड़ता है — हम इन्हें कभी दोबारा नहीं लिखते या पुनः प्रकाशित नहीं करते।
CRISPR समझाया गया
बिल्कुल शुरुआत से शुरू करें। जीव विज्ञान की कोई पृष्ठभूमि ज़रूरी नहीं।
Start here
What is DNA?
DNA is a long chemical chain that stores the instructions for building and running a living thing, written in…
Start here
What is a gene?
A gene is a stretch of DNA that carries the instructions for making one particular thing the cell needs —…
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What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is one very long DNA molecule packaged with proteins; humans normally have 46, in 23 pairs.
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What is a genome?
A genome is the complete set of genetic instructions in an organism — every chromosome, every gene, and…
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What is RNA?
RNA is DNA's working copy — a temporary, single-stranded version the cell makes when it needs to use a gene.
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What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in DNA sequence. Most do nothing, some cause disease, and a few are beneficial.
आँकड़ों में gene editing
Atlas database की लाइव गिनती — ये हमारे पास मौजूद records की संख्या है, इस क्षेत्र के आकार का अनुमान नहीं।
हर पृष्ठ लोड पर गिनती ताज़ा होती है। "स्वीकृत" का अर्थ है कि किसी राष्ट्रीय दवा नियामक ने कम से कम एक उत्पाद को अधिकृत किया है; इसका मतलब यह नहीं कि थेरेपी किसी खास व्यक्ति के लिए उपलब्ध या उपयुक्त है।
