Technologies

Gene-Editing Technologies by Clinical Maturity

Every technology in the Atlas ordered by how far it has actually reached in people.

本列表的构建方式

A useful corrective to coverage that treats every new editing technique as imminent. Sorted by how far each has genuinely got — from an approved medicine down to techniques that have never left a laboratory.

#	词条	分类	状态
1	CRISPR-Cas9 A protein that can be programmed with a short RNA guide to find one specific sequence in…	Nuclease editing	Approved
2	Base Editing Chemically converts one DNA letter into another at a chosen position, without cutting…	Precision editing	Phase III
3	Prime Editing Writes a new stretch of DNA sequence directly into a chosen site, using a guide that…	Precision editing	Phase I/II
4	CRISPR-Cas12 A family of CRISPR nucleases that cut DNA leaving staggered ends, use a different…	Nuclease editing	Phase I/II
5	CRISPR-Cas13 Targets RNA rather than DNA, so it can silence a gene's message without touching the…	RNA targeting	Phase I
6	Cas14 and miniature Cas systems Unusually small CRISPR nucleases — roughly a third the size of Cas9 — discovered in…	Nuclease editing	Discovery
7	RNA Editing Changes letters in the RNA message rather than in the DNA, so the effect is real but…	RNA targeting	Phase I/II
8	Epigenetic Editing Changes how loudly a gene is expressed by rewriting the chemical marks on and around it…	Gene regulation	Preclinical
9	CRISPRa (gene activation) Uses a disabled CRISPR protein to switch a gene up rather than to cut it.	Gene regulation	Research tool
10	CRISPRi (gene silencing) Parks a disabled CRISPR protein on a gene to block it from being read, turning it down…	Gene regulation	Research tool
11	TALENs Custom-built proteins that recognise DNA letter by letter and cut — the technique CRISPR…	Earlier generation	Phase I/II
12	Zinc Finger Nucleases The first programmable gene-editing tool to reach patients — small, engineered proteins…	Earlier generation	Phase III
13	Recombinases and integrases Enzymes that cut and rejoin DNA at defined sites, able to insert whole genes rather than…	Large-cargo editing	Preclinical
14	Transposases Enzymes that cut a segment of DNA out of one place and paste it into another — nature's…	Large-cargo editing	Phase I/II
15	Gene Therapy (gene addition) Delivers a working copy of a gene into cells without changing the existing genome — the…	Related approach	Approved
16	RNA Interference Uses the cell's own machinery to destroy a specific RNA message, lowering a protein's…	RNA targeting	Approved
17	Synthetic Biology Designing genetic parts and circuits so that cells perform new functions — the…	Related approach	Phase III

这份列表无法告诉你什么Maturity refers to clinical progress, not scientific importance. Some of the most significant techniques here are the least clinically advanced.

Written by The CRISPR Atlas editorial team Last updated Aug 25, 2026