Technologies
Gene-Editing Technologies by Clinical Maturity
Every technology in CRISPR Decoded ordered by how far it has actually reached in people.
Comment cette liste est construite
A useful corrective to coverage that treats every new editing technique as imminent. Sorted by how far each has genuinely got, from an approved medicine down to techniques that have never left a laboratory.
| # | Entrée | Catégorie | Statut |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CRISPR-Cas9 A protein that can be programmed with a short RNA guide to find one specific sequence in… | Nuclease editing | Approved |
| 2 | Base Editing Chemically converts one DNA letter into another at a chosen position, without cutting… | Precision editing | Phase III |
| 3 | Prime Editing Writes a new stretch of DNA sequence directly into a chosen site, using a guide that… | Precision editing | Phase I/II |
| 4 | CRISPR-Cas12 A family of CRISPR nucleases that cut DNA leaving staggered ends, use a different… | Nuclease editing | Phase I/II |
| 5 | CRISPR-Cas13 Targets RNA rather than DNA, so it can silence a gene's message without touching the… | RNA targeting | Phase I |
| 6 | Cas14 and miniature Cas systems Unusually small CRISPR nucleases, roughly a third the size of Cas9, discovered in archaea… | Nuclease editing | Discovery |
| 7 | RNA Editing Changes letters in the RNA message rather than in the DNA, so the effect is real but… | RNA targeting | Phase I/II |
| 8 | Epigenetic Editing Changes how loudly a gene is expressed by rewriting the chemical marks on and around it… | Gene regulation | Preclinical |
| 9 | CRISPRa (gene activation) Uses a disabled CRISPR protein to switch a gene up rather than to cut it. | Gene regulation | Research tool |
| 10 | CRISPRi (gene silencing) Parks a disabled CRISPR protein on a gene to block it from being read, turning it down… | Gene regulation | Research tool |
| 11 | TALENs Custom-built proteins that recognise DNA letter by letter and cut: the technique CRISPR… | Earlier generation | Phase I/II |
| 12 | Zinc Finger Nucleases The first programmable gene-editing tool to reach patients: small, engineered proteins… | Earlier generation | Phase III |
| 13 | Recombinases and integrases Enzymes that cut and rejoin DNA at defined sites, able to insert whole genes rather than… | Large-cargo editing | Preclinical |
| 14 | Transposases Enzymes that cut a segment of DNA out of one place and paste it into another: nature's… | Large-cargo editing | Phase I/II |
| 15 | Gene Therapy (gene addition) Delivers a working copy of a gene into cells without changing the existing genome. It is… | Related approach | Approved |
| 16 | RNA Interference Uses the cell's own machinery to destroy a specific RNA message, lowering a protein's… | RNA targeting | Approved |
| 17 | Synthetic Biology Designing genetic parts and circuits so that cells perform new functions: the engineering… | Related approach | Phase III |
Ce que cette liste ne vous dit pasMaturity refers to clinical progress, not scientific importance. Some of the most significant techniques here are the least clinically advanced.